Private associations abounded in the ancient Greek world and beyond, and this volume provides the first large-scale study of the strategies of governance which they employed. Emphasis is placed on the values fostered by the regulations of associations, the complexities of the private-public divide and the dynamics of regional and global networks and group identity. The attested links between rules and religious sanctions also illuminate the relationship between legal history and religion. Moreover, possible links between ancient associations and the early (...) Christian churches will prove particularly valuable for scholars of the New Testament. The book concludes by using the regulations of associations to explore a novel and revealing aspect of the interaction between the Mediterranean world, India and China. (shrink)

About one third of patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to the medical treatment. Electrical stimulation mapping is the gold standard for the identification of “eloquent” areas prior to resection of epileptogenic tissue. However, it is time-consuming and may cause undesired side effects. Broadband gamma activity recorded with extraoperative electrocorticography during cognitive tasks may be an alternative to ESM but until now has not proven of definitive clinical value. Considering their role in cognition, the alpha and beta bands could further (...) improve the identification of eloquent cortex. We compared gamma, alpha and beta activity, and their combinations for the identification of eloquent cortical areas defined by ESM. Ten patients with intractable focal epilepsy participated in a delayed-match-to-sample task, where syllable sounds were compared to visually presented letters. We used a generalized linear model approach to find the optimal weighting of each band for predicting ESM-defined categories and estimated the diagnostic ability by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Gamma activity increased more in eloquent than in non-eloquent areas, whereas alpha and beta power decreased more in eloquent areas. Diagnostic ability of each band was close to 0.7 for all bands but depended on multiple factors including the time period of the cognitive task, the location of the electrodes and the patient’s degree of attention to the stimulus. We show that diagnostic ability can be increased by 3–5% by combining gamma and alpha and by 7.5–11% when gamma and beta were combined. We then show how ECoG power modulation from cognitive testing can be used to map the probability of eloquence in individual patients and how this probability map can be used in clinical settings to optimize ESM planning. We conclude that the combination of gamma and beta power modulation during cognitive testing can contribute to the identification of eloquent areas prior to ESM in patients with refractory focal epilepsy. (shrink)

Building on an illustrative case of a systemic environmental threat and its multi‐stakeholder response, this paper draws attention to the changing political impacts of corporations in the digital age. Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) theory suggests an expanded sense of politics and corporations, including impacts that may range from voluntary initiatives to overcome governance gaps, to avoiding state regulation via corporate political activity. Considering digitalization as a stimulus, we explore potential responsibilities of corporations toward public goods in contexts with functioning (...) governments. We show that digitalization—in the form of transparency, surveillance, and data‐sharing—offers corporations’ scope for deliberative public participation. The starry sky beetle infestation endangering public and private goods is thereby used to illustrate the possibility of expanding the political role of corporations in the digital sphere. We offer a contribution by conceptualizing data‐deliberation as a Habermasian variation of PCSR, defined as the (a) voluntary disclosure of corporate data and its transparent, open sharing with the public sector (b) along with the cooperation with governmental institutions on data analytics methods for examining large‐scale datasets (c) thereby complying with existing national and international regulations on data protection, in particular with respect to privacy and personal data. (shrink)

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to (...) explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed. (shrink)

The work of the lay Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain continues to provoke and inspire readers to engage in a Thomistic approach to many of the questions facing the world today. Maritain’s wide-ranging thought touched on many fields, including aesthetics, anthropology, educational theory, moral philosophy, and ethics, as well as Thomism and its relationship to other philosophical stances._ In _Being in the World: A Quotable Maritain Reader_, Mario O. D’Souza, C.S.B., has selected seven hundred and fifty of the most salient (...) quotations found in the English translations of fifty-four works by Jacques Maritain. Organized into forty thematic chapters, ordered alphabetically, the book serves as an overview of the areas that Maritain's writings addressed. By referring to entries in _Being in the World_, readers can quickly locate key passages in Maritain’s writing on a given topic and then turn elsewhere to the full texts for more in-depth study. Complete with a detailed index of key terms, the _Reader _will be an essential reference tool for the study of Maritain in English. "Fr. Mario O. D'Souza's careful selection from the works of Jacques Maritain provides the reader with an invaluable sampling of Maritain's extensive philosophical work. In it, we find examples of Maritain's almost lyrical gift of expression as well as of his trenchant wit. More than a scholarly contribution, the volume also ably serves as an introduction and entrance into Maritain's corpus." — William Sweet, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada_. (shrink)

In this paper we argue that the formalisms for decoherence originally devised to deal just with closed or open systems can be subsumed under a general conceptual framework, in such a way that they cooperate in the understanding of the same physical phenomenon. This new perspective dissolves certain conceptual difficulties of the einselection program but, at the same time, shows that the openness of the quantum system is not the essential ingredient for decoherence. †To contact the authors, please write to: (...) Mario Castagnino, CONICET-IAFE, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Casilla de Correos 67, Sucursal 28, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Roberto Laura, IFIR-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Av. Pellegrini 250, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Olimpia Lombardi, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, C. Larralde 3440, 6°D, 1430, Buenos Aires; e-mail: [email protected]. (shrink)

Ce livre naît de la conviction qu'il est impossible de saisir le sens de la philosophie de Pierre Bayle sans la mettre en contexte dans les grands débats du siècle. Dans cette perspective, le scepticisme n'était pas pour lui incompatible avec le rationalisme, si l'on entend le premier comme raison critique exigeante et le second comme recherche qui fait éclater tout dogmatisme. C'est la notion et la méthode d'hypothèse qui gagnent du terrain, en fondant la tolérance et annonçant la polémique (...) contre l'esprit de système. David Hume est l'un des lecteurs majeurs de Bayle : de la phase pyrrhonienne du Treatise à celle, académique, de la First Enquiry, du refus des hypothèses aux conjectures de plus en plus audacieuses dans l'étude des rapports body-mind et dans la critique du théisme expérimental avancée dans les Dialogues. On découvre ainsi des côtés radicaux dans la pensée tant de Bayle que de Hume, sans les ramener simplement l'un au scepticisme, l'autre à l'empirisme."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

En identifiant l'âme du monde avec le feu et celui-ci avec Dieu, la représentation stoïcienne du monde comme grand animal doué d'intelligence et de sensibilité pose de graves problèmes à un chrétien, comme le souligne l'interlocuteur du dialogue de la Physiologia Stoicorum de Juste Lipse. Quelle est la position de Lipse par rapport à la question, largement débattue au xvie siècle, de l'animation des astres ? On évoque les conceptions de Scaliger, Patrizi et Kepler, et on montre que c'est très (...) vraisemblablement Giordano Bruno que Lipse indique sous la forme anonyme «quidam nostro aevo», pour se démarquer de ses positions. Même si la cosmologie de Lipse n'est pas héliocentrique, elle a l'avantage d'expliquer le mouvement des astres sans référence à leur âme et sur la base de considérations purement physiques. By identifying the soul of the world with fire and the latter with God, the Stoic representation of the world as a great animal blessed with intelligence and sensitivity raises serious problems for a Christian, as emphasized by the interlocutor of the dialogue Physiologia Stoicorum of Justus Lipsius. What position does Lipsius take regarding the question (widely discussed in the sixteenth century) of the life of the stars? After having called to mind the concepts of Scaliger, Patrizi and Kepler, we will see that it is quite likely Giordano Bruno to whom Lipsius refers anonymously as «quidam nostro aevo» to distance himself from his positions. Even if the cosmology of Lipsus is not heliocentric, it has the advantage of explaining the movement of the stars without reference to their soul and on the basis of purely physical considerations. (shrink)

En identifiant l’âme du monde avec le feu et celui-ci avec Dieu, la représentation stoïcienne du monde comme grand animal doué d’intelligence et de sensibilité pose de graves problèmes à un chrétien, comme le souligne l’interlocuteur du dialogue de la Physiologia Stoicorum de Juste Lipse. Quelle est la position de Lipse par rapport à la question, largement débattue au xvie siècle, de l’animation des astres? On évoque les conceptions de Scaliger, Patrizi et Kepler, et on montre que c’est très vraisemblablement (...) Giordano Bruno que Lipse indique sous la forme anonyme « quidam nostro aevo », pour se démarquer de ses positions. Même si la cosmologie de Lipse n’est pas héliocentrique, elle a l’avantage d’expliquer le mouvement des astres sans référence à leur âme et sur la base de considérations purement physiques.By identifying the soul of the world with fire and the latter with God, the Stoic representation of the world as a great animal blessed with intelligence and sensitivity raises serious problems for a Christian, as emphasized by the interlocutor of the dialogue Physiologia Stoicorum of Justus Lipsius. What position does Lipsius take regarding the question of the life of the stars? After having called to mind the concepts of Scaliger, Patrizi and Kepler, we will see that it is quite likely Giordano Bruno to whom Lipsius refers anonymously as « quidam nostro aevo » to distance himself from his positions. Even if the cosmology of Lipsus is not heliocentric, it has the advantage of explaining the movement of the stars without reference to their soul and on the basis of purely physical considerations. (shrink)

Desde finales del siglo XX, las investigaciones sobre modernidad, orientadas hacia distintos segmentos del campo cultural, han venido ganando un enorme terreno. Las obras de Walter Benjamin, leídas en esta perspectiva, cobran un gran valor. Se busca explorar cuatro temas benjaminianos: a) algunos aspectos de su concepto de historia; b) el concepto de experiencia, para mostrar su dimensión histórico-crítica con respecto al ascenso de la cultura moderna; c) las afinidades entre el modo en que se desarrolla la visión alegórica en (...) el drama barroco alemán y el modo en que Baudelaire afronta las problemáticas de la modernidad; d) elementos de algunas formas culturales del arte moderno que entusiasman a Benjamin. Since the end of the 20th century, there has been increasing research on modernity, especially on different segments of the cultural field. Read in this context, the works of Walter Benjamin acquire great value. The article explores four of Benjamin's themes: a) some aspects of his concept of history; b) the concept of experience, in order to show its historical-critical dimension regarding the rise of modern culture; c) the affinities between the way he allegorical view is developed in German Baroque drama and the way in which Baudelaire deals with the issues of modernity; and d) elements of some cultural forms of modern art that Benjamin is interested in. Desde o final do século XX, as pesquisas sobre modernidade, orientadas a diferentes segmentos do campo cultural, vêm ganhando um enorme terreno. As obras de Walter Benjamin, lidas nessa perspectiva, ganham um grande valor. Neste artigo, procura-se explorar quatro temas benjaminianos: a) alguns aspectos de seu conceito de história; b) o conceito de experiência, para mostrar usa dimensão histórico-crítica a respeito da ascensão da cultura moderna; c) as afinidades entre o modo em que se desenvolve a visão alegórica no drama barroco alemão e o modo no qual Baudelaire enfrenta as problemáticas da modernidade; d) elementos de algumas formas culturais da arte moderna que entusiasmam Benjamin. (shrink)

«L’œuvre de Merleau-Ponty est tout entière commandée par le souci de mettre en œuvre aussi rigoureusement que possible le mot d’ordre husserlien de “retour aux choses mêmes”». C’est ainsi que s’ouvre l’avant-propos du livre de Barbaras sur la philosophie de Merleau-Ponty. Cette citation donne déjà le ton de l’ouvrage qui constitue une longue, profonde et parfois répétitive réflexion sur la phénoménologie merleau-pontienne, une réflexion qui porte essentiellement sur les rapports entre sujet percevant et monde perçu. En fait, l’ouvrage de Barbaras (...) traite longuement du tournant «ontologique» dans la phénoménologie de Merleau-Ponty, de ce passage de la Phénoménologie de la perception au Visible et l’invisible. Ce passage constituerait le délaissement de la perspective initiale empruntée par Merleau-Ponty dans Phénoménologie de la perception qui évoluait encore à l’intérieur des cadres de la phénoménologie husserlienne avec son appareillage conceptuel et langagier propre au rationalisme néocartésien. Avec le Visible et l’invisible, Merleau-Ponty effectuerait un «saut», qu’on pourrait qualifier d’«ontologique» en ce sens qu’il s’y lancerait dans la recherche d’une nouvelle forme d’expression philosophique plus apte à rendre compte rigoureusement de l’expérience même de la perception. La méthode utilisée dans Phénoménologie de la perception, celle de la réduction, ne conviendrait plus, parce qu’elle puise encore à la source de la tradition husserlienne inscrite dans une perspective impropre à rendre compte de la relation particulière du «je» avec son monde environnant. (shrink)

Desde finales del siglo XX, las investigaciones sobre modernidad, orientadas hacia distintos segmentos del campo cultural, han venido ganando un enorme terreno. Las obras de Walter Benjamin, leídas en esta perspectiva, cobran un gran valor. Se busca explorar cuatro temas benjaminianos: a) algunos aspectos de su concepto de historia; b) el concepto de experiencia, para mostrar su dimensión histórico-crítica con respecto al ascenso de la cultura moderna; c) las afinidades entre el modo en que se desarrolla la visión alegórica en (...) el drama barroco alemán y el modo en que Baudelaire afronta las problemáticas de la modernidad; d) elementos de algunas formas culturales del arte moderno que entusiasman a Benjamin. (shrink)

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

[Esotericism. One-day Workshop about the Annale n. 25 of the Storia d'Italia Einaudi]. This section contains the proceedings of the one-day workshop on the book Esoterismo, published as the Annale n. 25 in the collection "History of Italy" by Einaudi. The workshop was organized by ISPF on the October 26, 2011 to promote the discussion on the significance of Western esotericist traditions in Italian history. S. Caianiello’s introduction highlights some major concepts and goals of the recent field of studies about (...) Western Esotericism, and some open problems about its definition. M. Cambi comments on the substantial transformation of esotericist themes in Giordano Bruno’s natural philosophy, whereby the sources of the magician’s power are completely enclosed in the realm of nature, thus rejecting any transcendent foundation. M. Conforti focuses on "the function and opportunities" offered by the Western Esotericism approach "to the genesis and development of early modern science" and comments from this perspective on different contributions in the volume, emphasizing however the importance of largely pre-existing traditions in the history of science and medicine which have long challenged the wiggish separation between science and magic, rational and irrational thought. L. Simonutti provides new material to the general theme, with a historical-philosophical analysis of the esotericist elements in Picart’s iconography of the 18th Century edition of "Cymbalum mundi". F. Sofia discusses the effective role of esotericist traditions in the attempts to establish a "civil religion" in Italy from Risorgimento to Fascism, a history in which, she argues, it is difficult to establish "how much esotericism was an intentional choice or the product of an unavoidable nicodemism". C. Castellano reviews the contributions dedicated to the "political teology" of Italian Risorgimento, dealing in depth with the complex relationship between Freemasonry and Carbonari in Italy – in her view, more of a cultural than of a strictly political connection – and highlights the relevance of the anticurial component in their esotericist inspiration. G.M. Cazzaniga, author and editor of the Annale, beyond reacting to the different stimuli offered by the discussion, provides a brief history of Western Esotericism studies in Europe and of the reasons of their difficult reception in Italy. (shrink)

Contents Acknowledgements vii Illustrations ix Preface xi Further Bibliography of A.C. Crombie xiii 1 Designed in the Mind: Western visions of Science, Nature and Humankind 1 2 The Western Experience of Scientific Objectivity 13 3 Historical Perceptions of Medieval Science 31 4 Robert Grosseteste 39 5 Roger Bacon [with J.D. North] 51 6 Infinite Power and the Laws of Nature: A Medieval Speculation 67 7 Experimental Science and the Rational Artist in Early Modern Europe 89 8 Mathematics and Platonism in (...) the Sixteenth-Century Italian Universities and in Jesuit Educational Policy 115 9 Sources of Galileo Galilei’s Early Natural Philosophy 149 10 The Jesuits and Galileo’s Ideas of Science and of Nature [with A. Carugo] 165 11 Galileo and the Art of Rhetoric [with A. Carugo] 231 12 Galileo Galilei: A Philosophical Symbol 257 13 Alexandre Koyré and Great Britain: Galileo and Mersenne 263 14 Marin Mersenne and the Origins of Language 275 15 Le Corps à la Renaissance: Theories of Perceiver and Perceived in Hearing 291 16 Expectation, Modelling and Assent in the History of Optics: i, Alhazen and the Medieval Tradition; ii, Kepler and Descartes 301 17 Contingent Expectation and Uncertain Choice: Historical Contexts of Arguments from Probabilities 357 18 P.-L. Moreau de Maupertuis, F.R.S. : Précurseur du Transformisme 407 19 The Public and Private Faces of Charles Darwin 429 20 The Language of Science 439 21 Some Historical Questions about Disease 443 22 Historians and the Scientific Revolution 451 23 The Origins of Western Science 465 Appendix to Chapter 10: 479 Sources and Dates of Galileos Writings [with A. Carugo] Pietro Redondi, Galileo eretico [with A. Carugo] Mario Biagioli, Galileo, Courtier Corrections to Science, Optics and Music in Medieval and Early Modern Thought 495 Index 497. (shrink)

I will begin this paper by stating in rough outline what I consider to be the relevance of psychical research to philosophy, and I shall devote the rest of it to developing this preliminary statement in detail.

This book, first published in 1975, provides critical and comprehensive introduction to the philosophy of Leibniz.

Desde Derrida sabemos bien esa diferencia entre oralidad y escrituralidad y toda escritura -ésta por ejemplo- viene siempre "después" a colmar lo que en realidad es incolmable; a presentar con elo signo lo que la palabra había siempre dicho de otra manera.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

A critical and detailed introduction to Kant's philosophy, with particular reference to the Critique of Pure Reason. Since Broad's death there have been many publications on Kant but Broad's 1978 book still finds a definite place between the very general surveys and the more specialised commentaries. He offers a characteristically clear, judicious and direct account of Kant's work; his criticisms are acute and sympathetic, reminding us forcefully that 'Kant's mistakes are usually more important than other people's correctitudes'. C.D. Broad was (...) Knightsbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at Cambridge from 1933 to 1953, and this book is based on his undergraduate lectures on Kant. Broad died in 1971 and Dr Lewy has since edited the book for publication. (shrink)